How nations develop their human capital can be a more important determinant of their long-term success than virtually any other factor. The Global Human Capital Index 2017 ranks 130 countries on how well they are developing their human capital on a scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) across four thematic dimensions and five distinct age groups to capture the full human capital potential profile of a country. It aims to be used as a tool to assess progress within countries and point to opportunities for cross-country learning and exchange.
By “human capital” we mean the knowledge and skills people possess that enable them to create value in the global economic system. Human capital is not defined solely through formal education and skilling. It can be enhanced over time, growing through use—and depreciating through lack of use—across people’s lifetimes.
The
Global Human Capital Index featured in this Report thus
treats human capital as a dynamic rather than fixed concept.
The
Global Human Capital Index 2017 ranks 130 countries on how well they are developing
their human capital on a scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) across four thematic
dimensions—capacity, deployment, development and know-how—and five distinct age
groups or generations—0–14 years; 15–24 years; 25–54 years; 55–64 years; and 65
years and over—to capture the full human capital potential profile of a country.
It can be used as a tool to assess progress within countries and points to opportunities
for cross-country learning and exchange. The Capacity subindex quantifies the
existing stock of education across generations; the Deployment subindex covers skills
application and accumulation of skills through work; the Development subindex reflects
current efforts to educate, skill and upskill the student body and the working
age population; and the Know-how subindex captures the breadth and depth of
specialized skills use at work.
The Report’s key findings are:
• On average, the world has developed only 62% of its human capital as
measured by this Index. Or, conversely, nations are neglecting or wasting, on average,
38% of their talent. Across the Index, there are only 25 nations that have
tapped 70% of their people’s human capital or more. In addition, 50 countries
score between 60% and 70%. A further 41 countries score between 50% and 60%,
while 14 countries remain below 50%, meaning these nations are currently leveraging
less than half of their human capital.
Key Findings
• The top ten of this year’s edition of the Human Capital Index is
headed by smaller European countries—Norway (1), Finland (2), Switzerland
(3)—as well as large economies such as the United States (4) and Germany (6).
Four countries from the East Asia and the Pacific region, three countries from
the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region and one country from the Middle East
and North Africa region are also ranked in the Index top 20.
• The leaders of the Index are generally economies with a longstanding
commitment to their people’s educational attainment and that have deployed a
broad share of their workforce in skill-intensive occupations across a broad range
of sectors. Unsurprisingly, they are mainly today’s high-income economies.
Creating a virtuous cycle of this nature should be the aim of all countries.
• At a regional level, the human capital development gap is smallest in
North America, followed by Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia,
East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and
North Africa. The gap is largest in South Asia and Sub-
Saharan Africa.
• From North America, the United States (4) ranks in the top ten and
Canada (14) ranks in the top 20. In Western Europe, the Nordic countries Norway
(1), Finland (2), Denmark (5) and Sweden (8)—as well as Switzerland (3) and
Germany (6)—dominate the rankings, collectively taking the region’s top spots.
Twelve countries have crossed the threshold of developing at least 70% of their
human capital. The Netherlands (13) and Belgium (15) rank ahead of the United
Kingdom (23) and France
(26) to make up the mid-range of the regional league table, while three
Mediterranean countries—Portugal (43), Spain (44) and Greece (48)—take the
bottom ranks.
• Three countries from the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region rank
in the top 20: Slovenia (9) Estonia (12), and the Russian Federation (16). The
Czech Republic (22), Ukraine (24) and Lithuania (25), all score above the 70%
threshold. The bottom-ranked countries in the region, Macedonia, FYR (67) and
Albania (85), are held back by high unemployment and underemployment rates
across all age groups.
• In East Asia, the best-performing countries in the region, such as
Singapore (11), Japan (17), and Korea, Rep. (27) are global strongholds of
human capital success, while countries such as Lao PDR
(84), Myanmar (89) and Cambodia (92) trail the region despite their very
high degree of human capital utilization across the Deployment subindex.
• The gap between the best and worst performers in Latin America and the
Caribbean is smaller than for any other region. The two best-performing
countries in the region are Argentina (52) and Chile (53). The region’s two
largest economies, Mexico (69) and Brazil (77), rank in the middle and lower
half of the Index overall along with Peru (66) and Colombia (68). The bottom
ranks of the region are made up of Venezuela (94) and Central
American nations such as Honduras (101).
• Only one country, Israel (18), from the Middle East and North Africa
makes it into the top 20. Three gulf states—the United Arab Emirates (45),
Bahrain (47) and Qatar (55)—outperform the rest of the region’s Arab-speaking
countries and score in the mid-range of the Index overall. Turkey (75) has
developed 60% of its human capital against the theoretical ideal. Saudi Arabia
(82), the region’s largest economy ranks ahead of Egypt (97), its most
populous one. Algeria (112), Tunisia (115) and Morocco (118), make up the lower
end of the rankings, ahead of Mauritania (129) and Yemen (130).
• From South Asia, Sri Lanka (70) is the top performer, while Nepal
(98), India (103), Bangladesh (111) and Pakistan (125) lag behind. With the
exception of Sri Lanka, the rest have yet to reach the 60% threshold with
regard to developing their human capital.
• Sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest-ranked region in the Index. Rwanda
(71), Ghana (72), Cameroon (73) and Mauritius (74) have developed more than 60%
of their human capital. South Africa (87), the region’s second largest economy,
places towards the middle in the region. Nigeria (114) ranks in the lower
midfield and Ethiopia (127) is the lowest performer, fourth from the bottom on
the Index overall.
• There are significant opportunities for economies with already high
talent capacity and development, such as France, Greece, Italy and United Arab
Emirates, to boost their human capital performance through a focus on the
Know-how subindex, including opportunities for high- and medium-skilled work as
well as broadening the complexity of the economies in question through sectoral
investment. In North America, Western Europe, Middle East and North Africa and
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, more can be done to improve the deployment of
their countries’ high capacity talent. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia need
much better investment in developing their current and future workforces in
order to expand beyond their relatively low current capacity.
• Core to the Index is the concept that investment in developing talent
across the lifecycle—through education and employment—enhances human capital.
Even with similar levels of upfront educational investment, on-the-job learning
is critical for generating returns on the initial investment as well as
ensuring that people’s skills grow and appreciate in value over time. Data from
our research partnership with LinkedIn confirms that individual’s
specialization and capacity expands as they enter the labour market, highlights
new opportunities for identifying and analyzing similar talent pools and points
to opportunities for stronger design of reskilling and upskilling efforts. More
broadly, this unique data also suggests that there is an opportunity for
policymakers to use dynamic labour market information to enhance their
workforce planning and decision-making.
Because human capital is critical not only to the productivity of
society but also the functioning of its political, social and civic institutions,
understanding its current state and capacity is valuable to a wide variety of stakeholders.
It is our hope that this Report can support governments, businesses, education
providers and civil society institutions in identifying key areas for focus and
investment.
In East
Asia, the best-performing countries in the region, such as Singapore (11),
Japan (17), and Korea, Rep. (27) are global strongholds of human capital
success, while countries such as Lao PDR (84), Myanmar (89) and Cambodia (92)
trail the region despite their very high degree of human capital utilization
across the Deployment subindex.
• The gap
between the best and worst performers in Latin America and the Caribbean is
smaller than for any other region. The two best-performing countries in the region
are Argentina (52) and Chile (53). The region’s two largest economies, Mexico
(69) and Brazil (77), rank in the middle and lower half of the Index overall
along with Peru (66) and Colombia (68). The bottom ranks of the region are made
up of Venezuela (94) and Central
American
nations such as Honduras (101).
• Only
one country, Israel (18), from the Middle East and North Africa makes it into
the top 20. Three gulf states—the United Arab Emirates (45), Bahrain (47) and
Qatar
(55)—outperform the rest of the region’s Arab-speaking countries and score in
the mid-range of the Index overall. Turkey (75) has developed 60% of its human
capital against the theoretical ideal. Saudi Arabia (82), the region’s largest
economy ranks ahead of Egypt (97), its most populous one. Algeria (112),
Tunisia (115) and Morocco (118), make up the lower end of the rankings, ahead
of Mauritania (129) and Yemen (130).
• From
South Asia, Sri Lanka (70) is the top performer, while Nepal (98), India (103),
Bangladesh (111) and Pakistan (125) lag behind. With the exception of Sri Lanka,
the rest have yet to reach the 60% threshold with regard to developing their
human capital.
• Sub-Saharan
Africa is the lowest-ranked region in the Index. Rwanda (71), Ghana (72),
Cameroon (73) and Mauritius (74) have developed more than 60% of their human
capital. South Africa (87), the region’s second largest economy, places towards
the middle in the region. Nigeria (114) ranks in the lower midfield and
Ethiopia
(127) is the lowest performer, fourth from the bottom on the Index overall.
• There
are significant opportunities for economies with already high talent capacity
and development, such as France, Greece, Italy and United Arab Emirates, to boost
their human capital performance through a focus on the Know-how subindex,
including opportunities for high- and medium-skilled work as well as broadening
the complexity of the economies in question through sectoral investment. In
North America, Western Europe, Middle East and North Africa and Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, more can be done to improve the deployment of their countries’
high capacity talent. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia need much better investment
in developing their current and future workforces in order to expand beyond
their relatively low current capacity.
• Core to
the Index is the concept that investment in developing talent across the
lifecycle—through education and employment—enhances human capital. Even with
similar levels of upfront educational investment, on-the-job learning is
critical for generating returns on the initial investment as well as ensuring that
people’s skills grow and appreciate in value over time. Data from our research
partnership with LinkedIn confirms that individual’s specialization and capacity
expands as they enter the labour market, highlights new opportunities for identifying
and analyzing similar talent pools and points to opportunities for stronger design
of reskilling and upskilling efforts. More broadly, this unique data also
suggests that there is an opportunity for policymakers to use dynamic labour market
information to enhance their workforce planning and decision-making.
Because
human capital is critical not only to the productivity of society but also the
functioning of its political, social and civic institutions, understanding its current
state and capacity is valuable to a wide variety of stakeholders. It is our
hope that this
Report can support governments, businesses, education providers and civil society institutions in identifying key areas for focus and investment.
To read more and download the report please click on the below Article Source:
https://weforum.ent.box.com/s/dari4dktg4jt2g9xo2o5pksjpatvawdb